ABSTRACT Introduction: In the last decade, there has been a significant increase in urbanisation with its attendant increase in demand for most social amenities including water. The relevant company is unable to meet the unending demand for pipe water. They are only capable of supplying intermittent and limited access to piped water especially in urban and peri-urban areas. These issues have caused most households in the urban and peri-urban areas to resort to the use of groundwater sources ...
ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Safe disposal of human excreta is a major Public Health concern since improper disposal of human excreta can lead to an outbreak of excreta related problems. Improving human excreta disposal, hygiene and water supply prevent at least 9.1% of the global disease burden and 6.3% of all the deaths. In Ghana, diseases such as cholera and dysentery have resurfaced; therefore a look at the barriers to safe disposal of human excreta can play an important role in reducing the m...
ABSTRACT Virtually all countries, especially the developing nations, are being confronted with the twin problems of waste management and energy deficit. This development has led to the search for renewable energy sources. Although pig dung, water hyacinth and maize cob have been identified as good feedstocks for biogas production, studies utilising their mixtures have not been fully explored. This study was therefore designed to evaluate the biogas yield and microbial species from mixtures o...
Abstract Background: In Nigeria ACT use at the community level has not been evaluated and the use of antimalarial drugs (commonly chloroquine (CQ)) at home has been shown to be largely incorrect. The treatment regimen of ACT is however more complicated than that of CQ. There is thus a need to determine the feasibility of using ACT at the home level and determine community perception on its use. Methods: A before and after qualitative study using key informant interviews (KII) and focus group ...
Summary A prospective clinical trial using sub-conjunctival (Sub- Tenon's) anaesthesia for trabeculectomy is reported. Forty-one eyes of 22 consecutive patients with glaucoma had trabeculectomy performed using the sub-conjunctival method of local anaesthesia. The effectiveness of the anaesthetic, intra-operative and post- operative complications were recorded. Sub-conjunctival injection of local anaesthesia was found to be painless and free from the complications associated with retrobulbar i...
ABSTRACT Febrile Convulsion (FC) is a major cause of medical emergency in children aged six months to six years and may occur anywhere including school environment. Studies focusing on teachers’ practice of First Aid Care (FAC) to children with FC are limited in Nigeria, yet children spend substantial time under teachers’ care. This study was conducted to assess teachers’ knowledge, attitude and FAC given to children with FC among teachers in nursery and primary schools in Ibadan North ...
Abstract The compressional characteristics and tableting properties of starches from four yam species namely Dioscorea dumetorum Pax (Bitter); Dioscorea oppositifolia L (Chinese); Dioscorea alata L.DIAL2 (Water) and Dioscorea rotundata Poir (White) were investigated in comparison with corn starch. The physicochemical properties of the starches were evaluated using established methods while the compressional characteristics were analyzed using density measurements, and the Heckel and Kawakita ...
Summary Baiyeroju-Agbeja AM, Ornokhodion SI. Ocular Abnormalities in Newborn Infants needing Spccin ICa re. Nigerian Journal of Paediatrics t 998; 25:49. A prospective study was carried out over a six-month period to determine the pattern and outcome of ocular abnormalities in newborn infants needing special care. All babies at risk of developing retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) were excluded from the study as they were includedin a concurrently running ROP study. Twenty-eight of the remainin...
ABSTRACT The African Giant Rat (AGR) recently gained international prominence due to its ability to detect landmines and tuberculosis using olfactory and cognitive cues. However, a striking gap exists in the literature on the neurocellular components that govern these unique abilities. This study investigated and described the morphology of cellular components, useful morphometric parameters and neurogenesis profile of the brain of the AGR across age groups. Forty male AGR comprising 10 neona...
Abstract When any psychoactive substance is taken before driving, lives o f both passengers and other motorists operating on the highway are endangered. This survey study designed to determine the patterns o f psychoactive substance use among two-wheel commercial riders in Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria. The population o f this study was 4141 two-wheel commercial riders operating in Maiduguri, Borno State. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select 18 substations from the sampling fra...
SUMMARY The case of a sino orbital foreign body from the broken tips of a Pair of scissors traversing the floor of the left orbit, left maxillary sinus and left nasal cavity, and which had been left in place for two years because of financial constrains, before its surgical removal without much sequel, is presented. The need for adequate radiological investigations in all cases of head and neck trauma as well as the institution of health insurance in developing / low income economies to cater...
ABSTRACT Body Piercing and Tattooing (BPT) can increase the risk of contracting infectious diseases. Despite the potential harmful health consequences, the practice has remained attractive to young people. Body piercing (BP) includes piercing of various parts of the body excluding single piercing of both earlobes for females. Documented information on BPT and the awareness of its associated health risks among young people in Nigeria is few despite the practice. It is necessary to determine th...
We describe a survey of 300 young female apprentice tailors in a periurban community in Ibadan, Nigeria. The objectives were to assess HIV risk-related behavior in order to plan appropriate prevention interventions. Most apprentice tailors were 18-21 years old (68%), single (95%), and had not completed secondary school (98%). History of sexual intercourse was reported by 53 %; 42 % had ever experienced unwanted touching of the breast, backside, shoulder, or waist; 4% reported being raped in t...
SUMMARY The rate of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV as well as the implications of the circulating multiple subtypes to MTCT in Nigeria are not known. This study was therefore undertaken to determine the differential rates of MTCT of HIV-1 subtypes detected among infected pregnant women before ARV intervention therapy became available in Nigeria. Twenty of the HIV-positive women who signed the informed consent form during pregnancy brought their babies for followup testing at age 1...
AB5TRACT In the search for the etiology of carcinoma of the cervix uteri, various factors have been implicated by various workers, The disease has been shown to have a venereal origin, following on its significant association with coital characteristics. These include early Initiation into hetero-sexual acts and frequency o f coitu3, multiplicity of coital Partners, multiparty, low socio-economic Standards, venereal diseases and circumcision. Extensive epidemiologic studies have indicated tha...