Abstract Odor from preferred/non-preferred tsetse fly vertebrate hosts have been exploited in R&D of attractants/repellents of the fly for human and livestock protection. Odors from vertebrate hosts of Glossina austeni and Glossina pallidipes tsetse flies can facilitate formulation of novel attractants effective against G. austeni or improvement of existing attractant blends for G. pallidipes. We compared vertebrate blood meal sources of both fly species at Shimba Hills National Reserve, Ken...
Abstract Changes in climate have led to shifts in weather patterns outside the normal range of variation over a given time period, attributed to either human action or natural causes. This has led to reduced precipitation, which consequently results in reduced water availability for farming in some seasons, hence the seasonal agricultural drought. This has greatly impacted smallholder farmers, lowering their agricultural productivity. This study was undertaken in Kakamega South Sub-County in...
Abstract The emergence of Covid-19 posed a great health challenge worldwide. Health care facilitieswere stretched beyond limit, with no space to admit new critical patients. This motivated thisstudy, which sought to understand the dynamics around queues, particularly in hospitals. Themain objective was to analyze the queuing process between the Emergency Department (ED)and Internal Wards (IW) at Moi Teaching and Referral Hospital, in order to understand patientflow with the view to minimizin...
Abstract Background: Malaria remains one of the leading global causes of childhood morbidity and mortality. In holoendemic Plasmodium falciparum transmission regions, such as western Kenya, severe malarial anemia [SMA, hemoglobin (Hb) < 6.0 g/dl] is the primary form of severe disease. Ubiquitination is essential for regulating intracellular processes involved in innate and adaptive immunity. Although dysregulation in ubiquitin molecular processes is central to the pathogenesis of multiple hu...
Abstract Background: To assess the implementation of a pilot interprofessional train-the-trainer workshop (TTT) on sickle cell anemia (SCA) for feasibility, capacity building, and program sustainment. Methods: The TTT was used to enhance the capacity for community education about SCA in Kenya. An interprofessional team from the USA and Kenya developed the TTT and participants were recruited in Kenya. Participants evaluated the TTT at three and six months after training. Results: The TTT wa...
Abstract Background: Growing of trees on-farms has contributed significantly in easing pressure on the Kakamega–Nandi Forest Ecosystem. There are however concerns that Eucalyptus species is becoming the dominant tree in this landscape and may have adverse effects on the environment. Objectives: To determine the trade-offs in tree species selection and carbon offsets on farms in the margins of the Kakamega - Nandi Forest Ecosystem. Methodology: It employed a nested experimental design where...
Abstract Effects of high stocking densities (HSDs) were evaluated for Nile tilapia fish (Oreochromis niloticus) under culture to determine its influence on plasma cortisol and whole blood glucose concentration. Plasma cortisol levels (ng/ml) were assayed by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Whole blood glucose levels were determined using a hand-held one touch ultraglucose meter (MD-300) and test strips. Plasma cortisol and whole blood glucose level determinations were replicated th...
Abstract The world is currently battling the triple burden of malnutrition across all age groups including children. In Kenya, household socio-demographic and economic characteristics have been shown to contribute to malnutrition among children, but there is little known about the magnitude of their contribution at the sub-county level. This study aimed at determining the association between socio-demographic and economic characteristics of mothers and the nutritional status of their childre...
Abstract Background Nile tilapia has a variety of phenotypes suitable for aquaculture farming, yet its entire gene pool with potential for breeding climate ready strains in resource-limited settings remains scanty and poorly documented. SNP calling has become increasingly popular in molecular genetic studies due to their abundance and precision in estimating and identifying an organism’s genetic makeup. SNPs are versatile in trait-specific breeding, which, in contrast to pedigree breeding,...
Abstract The Central region of Kenya which is the second largest market oriented dairy zone, faces a threat in milk production. The challenge is a disease known as the napier head smut caused by Ustilago kamerunensis. This fungal microorganism is a facultative pathogen which has been reported to cause yield losses in napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) ranging from 25% to 46% across the affected areas. Additionally, there are reports of the continual spread of the disease into neighbouring c...
Abstract Surface water contamination has become one of the main environmental issues of concern and a challenge to the world population, especially in the developing world, that face potable or usable water security. In this study concentrations of available nutrients (PO4 3- and NO3 - ) in sediments and water along River Isiukhu, within Lake Victoria catchment area in Kenya are presented. Sediments and water samples were collected from 11 sampling sites along River Isiukhu. Available phosph...
Abstract Rhizobia are soil bacteria that induce nodule formation on leguminous plants. In the nodules, they reduce dinitrogen to ammonium that can be utilized by plants. Besides nitrogen fixation, rhizobia have other symbiotic functions in plants including phosphorus and iron mobilization and protection of the plants against various abiotic stresses including salinity. Worldwide, about 20% of cultivable and 33% of irrigation land is saline, and it is estimated that around 50% of the arable l...
Abstract The Lake Victoria Basin (LVB) supports one of the poorest and most populous rural populations in the East Africa region. The dipping fsh population has forced the community around the Lake Victoria to turn to farming for food crops to meet its daily food demands. Chemical fertilizer which is readily available has been the alternative source of improving soil condition which has led to eutrophication of the lake waters causing the temperature to rise in the process affecting most fre...
Abstract Baggasse derived biochar magnetically modified with iron (α-Fe2O3-CBG) was fabricated, characterized and applied as a low-cost adsorbent for the removal of carbamazepine (CBZ), a pharmaceutically active compound which has been reported as an emergent water contaminant. Characterization of the synthesized (α-Fe2O3-CBG) composite showed that iron was effectively impregnated onto the carbonized bagasse network. The composite was able to achieve 60.9 % CBZ removal within a period of 4...
Abstract The Maseno (0.0°S, 34.6°E) ionosonde and the Mbarara (0.6°S, 30.7°E) GPS SCINDA receiver have been used to probe the equatorial ionosphere of the East Africa region using data obtained in 2012 and 2015. The equatorial spread-F (ESF) which appears as a spread on the F-layer on ionograms has been classified and their occurrence were found to have correspondence with GPS nighttime scintillations. The spread-F at equatorial and low-latitudes normally occurs during nighttime hours. T...