Natural & Applied Sciences

Natural & Applied Sciences Research Papers/Topics

Persistent Organic Pollutants In Water, Sediments And Fish From Lake Victoria And Implications To Human Health Risks

EXTENDED ABSTRACT Lake Victoria is an important freshwater resource in Tanzania and its neighbouringcountries namely Uganda, Kenya, Rwanda, Burundi and the Democratic Republic of Congo(DRC). Millions of people dotted around the lake depend on it as a major source of household and industrial water supply, irrigation, transport and provide for fishing as the main source of animal-derived protein as well as income. In Tanzania, the lake provides employment opportunities to more than four mill...

Galactic Cosmic Ray Variability In The High And Mid Latitudes During Solar Cycles 22 And 23

ABSTRACT Galactic cosmic rays are modulated in the hliosphere primarily due to the global merged interaction regions with intense magnetic field which leads to a decrease in the galactic cosmic rays throughout the heliosphere. Using long term averages of solar wind (SW) component parameters in addition to cosmic ray count rates of two high latitude Neutron monitor stations (Apatity and Thule) and two mid latitude stations (Newark and Tbilisi) with different rigidity cut-offs, we analyzed the...

Study Of Suitability Of Cassava And Cowpea Flours For Making Bread

ABSTRACT This study was done in Tanzania and Mozambique to assess the effect of cassava and cowpea flours singly and in combination in bread making and the degree of acceptability of the bread. Five to 20% cassava and 5 to 30% cowpea were used as wheat flour diluents. As the number of diluents increased, the loaf volume decreased. The bread size ranged from 560 ml for 30% cowpea bread to 890 ml for 100% wheat bread and from 420 to 620 ml for the pan bread, the highest value being for whole w...

Seismic Interpretation And Stuctural Analysis Of Closures In The Greater Ughelli, Central And Coastal Swamp Depobelts Of Niger Delta Basin

ABSTRACT The Niger Delta is located on a typical passive margin with sediment thicknessesin excess of 12 km at the basin center. The combined occurrence of rift structures, basin subsidence, rapid progradation of deltaic systems, development of growth faults and fold thrust belts in the offshore Niger Delta produced a very unique petroleum habitat with different structural styles and play types. Most of the prospects and producing fields in the region are related to faulted structures. Struc...

Isolation Of Secondary Metabolites From Teclea Nobilis And Rapanea Melanophloeos Active Against Schistosoma Mansoni

ABSTRACT Helminthic infections have severe consequences on the health of millions of people worldwide and cause serious economic losses. Synthetic drugs have been effective wormicides, however, they are expensive, show side effects and develop resistance. This has generated interest in the use of plant based anti-helmintics, which seem to offer a reliable, cheap and cost effective method. In this research, the anti-helmintic activity of secondary metabolites from Teclea nobilis and Rapanea m...

Antioxidant And Hepatoprotective Studies Of Annonasenegalensispers. (Annonaceae) Stem Bark.

Abstract The study was carried out to determine pharmacognostic standards, phytochemical constituents, evaluate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective activities of the extract and fractions of Annona senegalensis Pers. (Annonaceae) by employing both the in vitro and in vivo experimental models. The acute toxicity tests result showed the drug is safe at 5000mg/kg doses. The effect of DPPH free radical scavenging, ABTS radical scavenging, Hydroxyl radical scavenging, Hydrogen peroxide scavengi...

Molecular Characterisation Of Tsetse-Endosymbiont Interactions In Kenyan Populations Of Glossina Austeni And Glossina Pallidipes Tsetse Flies

ABSTRACT Tsetse flies (Diptera: Glossinidae), which are the major vectors of human and animal trypanosomes, harbour bacterial gut symbionts Wigglesworthia glossinidia, Wolbachia pipientis and Sodalis glossinidius in close association with trypanosomes. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence, temporal variation and strain diversity of these endosymbionts in G. austeni and G. pallidipes from the Kenyan coast. The co-relation between symbiont and trypanosomes infection wa...

Synthesis, Characterization And Use Of Zeolite In Removal Of Pb(Ii) Ions From Waste Water

ABSTRACT The removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous model solution using zeolite has been investigated under different operational parameters like heavy metal ion concentration, adsorbent amount and particle size. The zeolite used was synthesized and characterized using SEM and XRD analysis. The equilibrium adsorption capacity of zeolite used for lead removal were measured and the experimental data analyzed by means of Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models. The adsorption efficiency of Zeolit...

Synthesis, Characterization And Solvent Extraction Studies Of 3,5-Bis[(2-Hydroxybenzylidene)- Amino]-Benzoic Acid And Its Co(Ii) And Ni(Ii) Complexes

ABSTRACT 3,5-Bis[(2-hydroxy-benzylidene)-amino]-benzoic acid (H2B) and its cobalt(II) and nickel(II) complexes were synthesized and characterized via: electronic, IR, 1H NMR and 13C NMR. Job’s continuous variation method was used to determine the mole ratio for both metal complexes. Solvent extraction studies were carried out on H2B in 5% DMF with its cobalt(II) and nickel(II) complexes using CHCl3 as organic solvent; with variable condition effects of equilibrium time, buffer pH, mineral ...

Antimicrobial Phenylpropanoid Esters And Sesquiterpene Lactones From The Leaves Of Tarchonanthus Camphoratus (Asteraceae)

ABSTRACT The plant Tarchonanthus camphoratus belongs to Asteraceae family. Its common name is wild sage or camphor bush. This study was aimed at isolating bioactive phenypropanoid esters and sesquiterpene lactones from the leaves of this plant. A powdered sample of the leaves weighing 500 g was sequentially extracted with of hexane (1.5 L), dichloromethane (1.5 L) and methanol (3 x 1.5 L). The methanolic extract was partitioned between equal volumes (250 ml each) of distilled water. The n-but...

Effectiveness Of Selected Food Storage Technologies In Reduction Of Post-Harvest Losses Of Beans In Selected Households Of Kilosa District, Tanzania

ABSTRACT Cereal grain losses are high in sub-Saharan Africa countries, Tanzania inclusive. Information on protection of these losses is mainly reported for maize and other cereals but it is limited on bean, particularly for Kilosa district. This study was carried in Kilosa district, where by two wards (Malolo and Lumuma) were used to establish effective storage technology for bean storage and measure the level of understanding on postharvest management. To measure effectiveness storage techn...

Mathematical Analysis/Predictions Of Internal Generated Revenue (Igr) In Some States In Nigeria

   Abstract In this paper, we apply the LINEST model of the Microsoft excel to the population, Nigeria (Naira) exchange rate with US Dollar and Internal Generated Revenue (IGR) of 2014 top-10 Nigerian states by IGR in billions of naira from 2010 to 2014 as in the data bases of National Population Commission (NPC), Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) and National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) respectively. The indexed IGR is used as proxy for each state and the nation. The last census of 2006 by NP...

Development Of A Quality Index Method (Qim) Scheme To Evaluate Freshness Of Ice Stored Lake Victoria Nile Perch (Lates Niloticus)

ABSTRACT Despite the Nile perch contributing about 67% of Kenya’s total annual fish export earnings, no specific method exists for evaluating the freshness of the fish when landed and its shelf life when kept in ice. Currently the European Union (EU) sensory scheme is used in sensory evaluation of all commercial fish species available in the Kenyan fishery. This study was conducted to develop a suitable Quality Index Method scheme, that is specific for the Nile perch, using a set of select...

Levels Of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons In Some Brands Of Pastas In Nigerian Market: An Assessment Of Possible Potential Health Risk

ABSTRACT Concentrations of 16 priority polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) were determined in 30 brands of Nigerian and imported pastas in Nigerian market. The pasta samples were categorised into (1) noodles (2) spaghetti and (3) macaroni. Analysis were performed by GC – MS after soxhlet extraction of the sample and clean up of the extract. The concentration of Σ16 PAHs in both the Nigerian and imported brands are in the range of 0.009 to 0.8 mgkg-1 and 0.002 to 0.007 mgkg-1 respectiv...

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Profiling Of Fatty Acids In Breast Milk From Nursing Mothers In Bungoma County, Kenya

ABSTRACT Human breast milk is universally recognized as the optimal food for term infants. Fatty acids play important roles in biological systems and the newborn’s fatty acid requirements are wholly met by the mothers’ breast milk. Although there have been many studies on fatty acid composition of human milk from Western countries and Africa, there is little information about that in the Kenyan population. This study was conducted to characterize and analyze quantitatively the fatty acid ...


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