ABSTRACT Global uncertainty over fossil fuels security provides the impetus for the development of fuels from renewable feedstocks. A promising route to diesel is available through transesterification of vegetable oils. In this work, there is a novel development of the true liquid crystal templating approach to the synthesis of uniformly dispersed ordered porous mixed oxides. Via this route, a family of mesoporous and mesomacroporous MgO/SBA-15 and CaO/SBA-15 catalysts with metal loading in t...
Downstream evolution of ocean properties and associated fluxes in the Greater Agulhas Current System: Ad hoc Argo experiments and modeling Tamaryn Morris The evolution of cyclonic eddies across the Southern Mozambique Chanel and the downstream evolution of the Agulhas Current was investigated using Argo floats, in combination with output from ocean general circulation reanalysis models. Two dedicated experiments were undertaken in April and July 2013, whereby eight floats were deployed within...
While leopards (Panthera pardus) currently occupy the most extensive geographic range of all large felids, they are also suffering the highest rate of current range loss amongst large terrestrial carnivores. This is primarily because most leopards still range outside of formally protected areas where they are exposed to the full suite of anthropogenic threats affecting carnivores including habitat loss, prey depletion, conflict with humans, and commercial harvest for body parts. The extensive...
In comparison to their ecophysiological and behavioral aspects, the skeletal system of African mole-rats (Bathyergidae) has been relatively understudied. Only a few studies have assessed their skeletal system, but these have mostly focused on their cranial and dental systems, with little attention on their postcranial skeleton. This PhD thesis provides a considerable amount of information about the functional anatomy, morphological diversity and postnatal bone morphogenesis of the appendicula...
Abstract Point cloud classification has been shown to effectively classify points in 3D scans, and can accelerate manual tasks like the removal of unwanted points from cultural heritage scans. However, a classifier’s performance depends on which classifier and feature set is used, and choosing these is difficult since previous approaches may not generalise to new domains. Furthermore, when choosing training scans for campaign-based classification, it is important to identify a descriptive s...
Abstract Tuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), is one of the leading causes of death globally, especially in low and middle-income countries. TB is primarily a curable disease, with chemotherapy predicated on a combination of four drugs. The increase in multiple forms of drugresistant TB is a major cause for concern, underpinning the importance of a continuous pipeline of new anti-TB agents. Drug repositioning – that is, the optimization of existing drugs for new th...
ABSTRACT There is an urgent need for new antimalarials following the emergence of Plasmodium falciparum strains with reduced sensitivity to the currently used artemisinin combination therapies. Classical aminoquinoline-based drugs inhibit the formation of haemozoin (HZ) thereby causing parasite death from the cellular accumulation of toxic ‘free’ haem. Coincidentally, this immutable pathway also exists in Schistosoma mansoni, and presents a vulnerable target for drug design in these haema...
Abstract A three dimensional fault seal analysis study of the AK fault situated offshore of the West Coast of South Africa is presented. This study is aimed at informing the development plan of the Ibhubesi gas field with regards to the compartmentalization of the reservoirs, by understanding whether a key fault, the AK fault facilitates hydrocarbon migration to the Ibhubesi field reservoirs or whether it provides a seal. In order to address this research aim, a seismic interpretation of the ...
Abstract Coccolithophores are a biogeochemically important phytoplankton group, fulfilling an important role in the global carbon cycle through primary production and the formation and export of calcium carbonate. Despite this biogeochemical importance, relatively little is known about their ecophysiology, for example their response to nutrient availability in terms of both macronutrient (nitrate, phosphate) and micronutrient (trace metal) or how this impacts on their competition with other p...
ABSTRACT In light of the current literature on green grabbing, this study is motivated by the need to understand whether TFCAs are characterized by green grabbing and what form they take if indeed they are unfolding there. It investigated the modes of land control and transfer - within the Lesotho component of the Maloti Drakensberg Transfrontier Conservation Area and South Africa’s Greater Mapungubwe Transfrontier Conservation Area – in order to explore the politics of land in TFCAs thro...
Abstract Climate change is a reality. One of the main ecological concerns regarding climate change is the predicted increase in atmospheric and sea temperatures. The latter is expected to rise by roughly 2.5O C by the end of 2050 with dramatic impacts on marine ecosystems predicted around the world. Seagrass ecosystems are a good example of vital ecosystems that are threatened by climate change and other anthropogenic factors. A decline in global seagrass cover of 29% has been estimated over ...
Abstract The Karoo-Namib is a species rich region in which many iconic and keystone species are found, such as Aloe pillansii. The recent population history of A.pillansii is poorly understood. However the suggested climatic shifts that occurred throughout the Holocene era may have affected its distribution, demographics and gene flow. The glacial/interglacial refugia hypothesis predicts that the southernmost population served as a refuge population and that the subsequent expansion of the po...
Abstract The Cape horse mackerel (Trachurus trachurus capensis ) has traditionally made an important contribution to the South African fishing industry and is a key component of the Benguela ecosystem. This thesis concerns the assessment and management of the South African horse mackerel resource. It starts with a brief review of the biology of the Cape horse mackerel and the history of the fishery, as well as of the Management Strategy Evaluation approach, which was applied in this work. Ass...
Abstract It is common to think of our universe according to the “block universe” idea, which says that spacetime consists of many “stacked” 3-surfaces varied as a function of some kind of proper time τ . Standard ideas do not distinguish past and future, but Ellis’ “evolving block universe” tries to make a fundamental distinction. One proposal for this proper time is the proper time measured along the timelike Ricci eigenlines, starting from the big bang. The main idea of this ...
The genus, Leucadendron, of the Cape Proteaceae family, is made up of over 70 dioecious species that vary in their degree of sexual dimorphism. Males are generally more highly ramified (branched) with smaller leaves compared to corresponding females. It has been hypothesised that sexual dimorphism in Leucadendrons is linked to serotiny (a fire-adapted reproductive strategy), where highly serotinous females may incur extra resource costs in order to keep their transpiring cones alive betwe...