Medical & Health Sciences

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Research Papers/Topics in Medical & Health Sciences

FEMALE ADOLESCENTS’ KNOWLEDGE, ACCESS AND USAGE OF CONTRACEPTIVES IN THREE SELECTED JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOLS, IN THE CAPE COAST METROPOLIS

ABSTRACT Though contraceptive knowledge has become widespread among Female Adolescents in Ghana, its use has persistently remained low for which the Central Region is no exception. Several studies have shown no evidence of empirical study conducted on Adolescents knowledge, Access and Usage of contraceptives among female adolescents in the Cape Coast Metropolis. To fill this literature gap, this study assessed the Adolescents knowledge level of contraceptive usage, the availability and acces...

MANAGEMENT AND COPING STRATEGIES OF HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS SEEKING TREATMENT AT BRONG AHAFO REGIONAL HOSPITAL, SUNYAN

ABSTRACT The purpose of this study was to explore the management and coping strategies of hypertensive patients seeking treatment at Brong Ahafo Regional Hospital, and to examine participants’ experiences of living with the condition. A mixed method design was used and all 508 consenting patients were selected for the quantitative aspect, and 16 were conveniently sampled for the qualitative one. Instruments (questionnaire and in-depth interview guide) derived from five pre-existing ones wer...

Quality of Life of Nigerian Stroke Survivors and Its Determinants

ABSTRACT The disability caused by stroke could lead to significant decline in the level of functioning and deterioration of quality of life (QoL). QoL assessment could be used to evaluate the impact of stroke, assist in planning effective treatment, appraise efficacy of stroke rehabilitation, and evaluate cost effectiveness in order to justify expenditures on health care. This article reviewed the QoL of Nigerian stroke survivors and also identified its determinants. More than 70% of the stu...

Renal Length, Packed Cell Volume and Biochemical Parametres in Subjects with Chronic Renal Failure: A Preliminary Report

ABSTRACT The constellation of laboratory and imaging findings that distinguish progressive chronic kidney disease (CKD) from acute renal failure are bilaterally small kidneys, elevated PTH, creatol, carbamylated haemoglobin levels; anaemia, hyperphosphataernia and hypocalcemia with elevated parathyroid hormone levels, and a urinary sediments that reveal proteinuria and broad casts. There has been a documented significant correlation between renal length and GFR, but, the relationship between ...

Entrance Surface Dose from Pediatric Diagnostic X-ray Examinations in a Developing World Setting: Are We 'ALARA Principle' Compliant?

Background: Radiation protection in paediatric radiology requires special attention than in adult because children are mare sensitive to radiation and at higher risk. This risk is explained by the longer life expectancy in children which allows for harmful effects of radiation to manifest and their developing organs and tissues being more sensitive to radiation. Hence, the need for determination of appropriate radiation dose for paediatric patients. Aims: To estimate entrance skin dose (ESD)...

ASSESSMENT OF SELECTED HEAVY METALS IN PARTS OF SLAUGHTERED CATTLE AND GOATS CENTRAL ABATTOIR FROM AKINYELE, IBADAN

ABSTRACT Meat and offal obtained from cattle and goats sold in open markets serve as sources of protein, but may be susceptible to heavy metal contamination due to illicit disposal and emission in the environment. Consumers‘ knowledge on the possible exposure to heavy metal contamination in meat and its associated health risks is low. Therefore, this study aimed at assessing heavy metal levels in these products. A cross-sectional study design with observational and laboratory analysis comp...

Fetal macrosomia at the University College Hospital, Ibadan: a 3-year review

ABSTRACT The study aimed to determine the maternal characteristics and contribution to obstetric morbidity of infants presenting with fetal macrosomia at the University College Hospital, Ibadan. This was a retrospective study. Obstetric data of the mothers were extracted from the casenotes and analysed. Fetal characteristics such as sex and weight, and perinatal complication were also analysed. The maternal characteristics that were significantly different in the study and control groups were...

In-vitro Bactericidal Kinetics of Chlorhexidine Gluconate Disinfectant/ Antiseptic Formulations Containing Different Additives

ABSTRACT Chlorhexidine gluconate(CHG) is a popular disinfectant/antiseptic which is often formulated with additives. We investigated the effect of additives type on the in vitro bactericidal kinetics of CHG in three commercially available formulations: Hibiscrub®, Savlon® and Purit® commonly used as household and hospital disinfectants/antiseptics. The bactericidal kinetics of the products was determined by time-survival curve method using Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCTC 6750 and Staphylococc...

Knowledge of and attitude to foot care amongst Type 2 diabetes patients attending a university-based primary care clinic in Nigeria

ABSTRACT Background: Individuals living with diabetes mellitus are at an increased risk of developing foot ulcers and cardiovascular complications or a neuropathy that may result in amputations. These complications have been shown to be already present in about 10% of diabetic patients at the time of diagnosis. Objectives: This study was carried out to determine the level of awareness and attitude to foot care among adult diabetic patients attending a university health centre (i.e. a primary...

Effect of Peer Education on Deaf Secondary School Students' HIV/ AIDS Knowledge, Attitudes and Sexual Behaviour

ABSTRACT This study evaluated the effect of an AIDS education program on deaf secondary school students' knowledge, attitude and perceived susceptibility to AIDS using peer education. Two secondary schools matched fur ownership (government), composition (mixture of hearing and deaf and teaching arrangement (separate teaching of deaf students using sign language) were used, and each school was randomly allocated the intervention or control status. All students completed a questionnaire on AIDS...

Radiologists join to implement pediatric imaging training, education and outreach in Nigeria

Children younger than 14 years account for 44% of the Nigerian population of mole than 170 million people. There are fewer than 500 board certified general radiologists to provide quality imaging services to the 75 million children making the radiologic contrbution to their care suboptimal.

Data resource profile: Cardiovascular H3Africa Innovation Resource (CHAIR)

ABSTRACT Low- and middle-income countries (LMIC) constitute the majority of the world’s population and bear more than 80% of the global burden of cardiovascular disease (CVD).1,2 The recent increases in CVD globally are also reflected in LMIC, where the prevalence of overall deaths from CVD was 28% in 20013 and premature CVD mortality was 37% in 2015.4 The paucity of data regarding the drivers of the CVD epidemic and contextualized solutions is, in part, because less than 10% of the global ...

HEALTH RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE OF STUDENTS WITH PHYSICAL AND SENSORY IMPAIRMENTS IN SPECIAL AND INTEGRATED SCHOOLS IN IBADAN

ABSTRACT The determination of Health-Related Quality of Life (HR-QoL) is useful for assessing the impact of health and illness on people’s physical, psychological and social functioning. In Nigeria, the HR-QoL of students (who are mostly adolescents) with physical and sensory impairments has not been adequately researched. There is need for scientific basis for comparative description of the experiences of Students with physical and sensory impairments (SwPSI) in special schools (SS) and i...

The Pharmaceutical Quality of Brands of Metformin Tablets in Ogun-State, Nigeria

ABSTRACT The pharmaceutical quality of randomly selected brands of metformin tablets used (prescribed or dispensed) by Community Pharmacists and Doctors in Ogun state, southwestern Nigeria, were evaluated. Eight brands were randomly procured from community pharmacies after administering a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire to 100 Pharmacists and 15 Physicians across different local government areas in Ogun state, South Western part of Nigeria. The physicochemical properties of the diff...

Detection of HIV antigen and cDNA among antibody-negative blood samples in Nigeria

ABSTRACT In developing countries as many as 50% of patients for whom a transfusion is indicated are at risk of dying immediately if transfusion is withheld. It is therefore important that blood transfusion is made as safe as possible. This study was designed to assess the safety of blood transfusion in two large blood banks in Ibadan, Nigeria. Aliquots of 250 samples already screened and passed as negative for HIV-1 and -2 were collected from each of the blood banks. Samples were tested for t...


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