ABSTRACT Despite the intensification in malaria control interventions, malaria still remains a major public health problem in malaria-endemic settings. Asymptomatic infections that largely remain undetected act as a reservoir of transmission jeopardizing the current control efforts. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of asymptomatic malaria infection, anaemia and submicroscopic parasitaemia in individuals of Korogwe District, a malaria-endemic setting in north-eastern Tanz...
ABSTRACT An increasing number of women worldwide are using some form of contraceptive drugs for family planning including combined oral contraceptives (COC). However, the use of COC has been associated with some adverse effects such as anemia and impaired energy metabolism in some users. A cross-sectional study was, therefore, carried out to investigate the effect of vitamin B6 supplementation on plasma glucose tolerance, hemoglobin levels and body weight using experimental mice model. Forty...
ABSTRACT Mosquito-borne viruses cause emerging and re-emerging infections affecting humans and animals. These diseases present themselves mainly with fever. The present study aimed at determining socio-demographic and clinical characteristics among febrile patients, and detection of selected mosquito-borne viruses circulating in Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus. Using a hospital-based cross-sectional descriptive study design, in total 400 febrile patients were recruited after consenting into...
ABSTRACT Leptospirosis is an emerging zoonotic infectious disease that affects humans and animals worldwide as it causes febrile illness in humans. The disease has been reported in a number of human-livestock-wildlife interfaces of Northern and Eastern Tanzania. Very little is known of many zoonotic disease conditions in the research naive areas of Western and Southern Tanzania. This study aimed at detecting the prevalence of Leptospira species among agro-pastoralists at the human-animal int...
ABSTRACT We have studied the variability of Cosmic rays flux during solar quiet days at mid and high latitudes. By using the five (5) quietest days for each month, the monthly mean diurnal variation of cosmic ray anisotropy have been derived for the period 1981-2007, which covers part of cycles 21, 22 and 23. These quiet days are days during which the sun is relatively magnetically quiet, leading to less anisotropic behavior in the diurnal flux of cosmic rays measured on the earth’s surfac...
The increasing advancement in technology is creating new opportunities that can be incorporated in learning especially in institutions of higher learning. Majority of stakeholders in the institutions of higher learning, preferably the lecturers and students possess smartphones and computers as well as active social media accounts. The increased usage of social media coupled with the necessity to interact with people all over other would is posing a challenge to integrate social media into lea...
ABSTRACT Palladium-catalysed Suziki-Miyaura cross-coupling (SMC) reactions of 6-chloro-5H benzo[a]phenothiazin-5-one, 11-amino-6-chloro-9-thio-5H-naphtho[2,1-b]pyrimido[5,4-e][1,4] oxazin-5-one and 6-chloro-5H-naphtho[2,1-b]pyrido[2,3-e][1,4]oxazin-5-one with phenylboronic acid and 3-nitophenylboronic acid were thoroughly investigated. The above intermediates were prepared by the reactions of 2-aminothiophenol, 4,5-diamino-6-hydroxylpyrimidine-2-thiol and 2- aminpyridin-3-ol respectively wi...
ABSTRACT Yoghurts were produced by blending reconstituted powdered cow milk (100 g of powdered cow milk (CM) : 0.5 litres of water) with 25 % and 50 % coconut milk (CCM) and a control (100 % cow milk) before fermentation. After fermentation for 16 h at room temperature, the yoghurts were subjected to two heat treatments (thermization) namely, 75 0C thermization and 80 0C thermization and a control (unthermized). The proximate, physicochemical, vitamin and microbiological quality of yoghurt s...
Abstract A new approach for image processing, dubbed SOM-QE, that exploits the quantization error (QE) from self-organizing maps (SOM) is proposed in this thesis. SOM produce low-dimensional discrete representations of high-dimensional input data. QE is determined from the results of the unsupervised learning process of SOM and the input data. SOM-QE from a time-series of images can be used as an indicator of changes in the time series. To set-up SOM, a map size, the neighbourhood distance, ...
ABSTRACT In the tropics, malaria has become the most alarming public health problem, hence the need for a mosquito repellent, a personal protection against the vector. The concern about the deleterious effects associated with synthetic chemicals like N, N-diethy-3-methylbenzamide (DEET) has elicited the interest to explore plant materials as source of natural repellent for mosquito control. The aim of this study was to formulate and evaluate herbal mosquito repellent cream based on solid lip...
EXTENDED ABSTRACT There is high degree of rice diversity in Tanzania. Increased human population pressure and activities has caused the population of wild rice to disappear at alarming rate. NPGRC collected over 125 accessions of rice landraces and 7 wild relatives for conservation and sustainable utilization in improvement programs, but no morphological or genetic diversity study that have been done to support any future collections. An investigation was conducted to determine the extent o...
Abstract This study is a contribution to the understanding of the depositional environment and reservoir architecture of the “JI Field”, Niger Delta Nigeria. The main objective was to integrate sequence stratigraphy and petrophysical evaluation in characterizing the reservoirs encountered in the wells. Well logs from six wells (JI01, JI02, JI03, JI09, JI10 and JI12-ST), biostratigraphic data from two wells (JI01 and JI02) and 3D seismic volume were analyzed to understand the reservoirs c...
Light-Emitting Diodes (LEDs) are used in a variety of devices ranging from watches to solar home systems, as status indicators or communicative tools. They are typically designed to produce light in different colors andintensities. However, the communicative output varies across devices of similar or different functions. This variation and the sense that there is a wide array of expressions that can be employed, makes it hard for users of the devices to deduce the feedback easily. This rese...
ABSTRACT There is a growing industrial demand for peptones of non-animal origin owing to legislations as well as outbreak of animal-associated diseases. Microbiological growth media developed from legumes as sources of protein hydrolysates are limited. It is, therefore, the aim of this study, to produce comparatively standard protein hydrolysates from Prosopis africanaseed that can be used as peptone for microbial culture in place of animal peptone. Prosopis africana seeds (2.5kg) were purch...