ABSTRACT The pressure on the wildlife in Lake Chilwa Biosphere Reserve (LCBR) has been increasing due to increase in population, illegal and unsustainable hunting practices. This has become a threat to sustainability of fish, birds and other wildlife species in LCBR. The broad objective of this study was to assess the status of poaching, its impacts and food security as one of the key drivers in LCBR in Malawi. The study employed a social survey research design. One hundred households were sa...
ABSTRACT The pressure on the wildlife in Lake Chilwa Biosphere Reserve (LCBR) has been increasing due to increase in population, illegal and unsustainable hunting practices. This has become a threat to sustainability of fish, birds and other wildlife species in LCBR. The broad objective of this study was to assess the status of poaching, its impacts and food security as one of the key drivers in LCBR in Malawi. The study employed a social survey research design. One hundred households were sa...
ABSTRACT This study was conducted to validate the Quality Index Method (QIM) scheme and determine storage days on ice for domestically processed Nile perch (Lates niloticus). Samples collected from the fishermen at landing site were used to develop the QIM and for shelf life study at 0ºC to -1ºC for 33 days. Those collected from fish factories and cold stores were used for validation. The study assessed the sensory, microbiological and chemical quality changes of Nile perch on ice. The QIM...
Abstract: This article describes Anti-Persoonsmijnen Ontmijnende Product Ontwikkeling (APOPO) recent use of specially trained African giant pouched rats as detectors of pulmonary tuberculosis in people living in Tanzania. It summarizes the achievements and challenges encountered over the years and outlines future prospects. Since 2008, second-line screening by the rats has identified more than 2000 tuberculosis-positive patients who were missed by microscopy at Direct Observation of Treatment...
ABSTRACT Contaminated milk is responsible for up to 90% of all dairy-related diseases of humans. A cross sectional study was carried out in Lushoto and Handeni districts of Tanga, Tanzania to determine the milk handling practices, bacterial contamination and selected milk-borne zoonotic pathogens along the dairy value chain. A total of 93 respondents were interviewed and 184 milk and milk product samples were collected. Laboratory analysis of total and coliform plate counts, detection of Esc...
ABSTRACT This study was conducted to investigate the effect of Actellic Super (pirimiphos-methyl) in Oreochromis niloticus (Nile tilapia) in Mvomero District, Morogoro, Tanzania. Field surveys using questionnaire interviews were used to collect sociological data from households that own fish ponds. The response of Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and Pseudocholinesterase (BuChE/PChE) activities in O. niloticus as a result of Organophosphates (OPs) and carbaryl waterborne exposure was determined i...
Abstract Objective: To determine markers of HBV infection and detect the presence of its occult infection in serum of a cohort of adult Nigerians. Methodology: The study involved 28 adult Nigerians with viral hepatitis (Group 1) and 28 apparently healthy adult Nigerians as controls (Group 2). Their sera were assayed for HBsAg, HBeAg, anti-HBe, anti-HBc, anti-HBs, and anti-HCV, while HBV DNA was determined in 15 patients with chronic hepatitis. Significance of differences between the patie...
SUMMARY Objective: To determine the time flow of service uptake JS assessed by patients in the eye clinic of UCll with the view of identifying delays in service uptake, the reasons [or such delays and ways lo improve services. Materials and methods: Fa ticals at lending the eye clinic of ihe University College II ospita I(VCr f) were selected (( scculively and interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire on the amount of time ihcy spent w(liting for the various services uIhc eye clinic a...
INTRODUCTION Foreign body impaction in the oesophagus is a quite common occurrence but 90% of such foreign bodies pass through the digestive tract to be eliminated in stools. The incidence of complications following ingestion of foreign bodies is surprisingly low. It was 10% in a study of 2400 cases by Nanchi and Ong. Presented below is a case of a young boy who accidentally swallowed a drawing pin and in whom plain radiographs confirmed the presence and location of the foreign body. Endosc...
ABSTRACT Objective of this study is to determine the pattern of eye diseases amongst drivers of College of Medicine, University of Ibadan (UI) and the University College Hospital (UCH) Ibadan. Cross sectional study of (99) drivers employed by the two institutions using a semi structured questionnaire and through eye examination at the eye clinic of UCH. Our results show that age range of respondents was from 39-60 years, mean 50.1 +/- 4.78 years. Driving experience ranged from 5 to 43 years, ...
ABSTRACT This study was carried out to establish the prevalence of porcine cysticercosis (caused by Taenia solium), hydatidosis and ascariosis in slaughter pigs, and assess the state and distribution of pig slaughter slabs in Dar es Salaam city, Tanzania, between November 2007 and January 2008. All 24 official slaughter slabs located in the three municipalities of Dar es Salaam city (Kinondoni, Ilala, Temeke), were included in the study. A geographical positioning system (GPS) was used to m...
ABSTRACT Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease that causes a great socio-economic as well as a public health concern worldwide. Limited studies have been conducted to determine the prevalence of brucellosis in small ruminants kept in the pastoral and agropastoral grazing systems of Tanzania. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Brucella infections and risk factors for its transmission to human in Morogoro region, Tanzania. A cross sectional study was conducted in nine wards of...
Abstract Introduction: Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) in pregnancy.with 'adverse pregnancy outcome , hasjbderi well documented with Escherichia coli and other gram-negative rods being the common organisms associated. However, most of these studies were done in patients without additional immunosuppressant except for pregnancy. However; the additional risk of HiV infection in pregnant woman necessitates. the evaluation of the microbial isolates and antibiotic sensitivity pattern froififthe ur...
This study is analytic and descriptive study done in the Western Kordofan Town of Elnohud in the period from June 2016 to September 2016, to evaluate first trimester pregnancy with vaginal bleeding by using gray scale ultrasound. The main purpose of this study is to determine the causes of first trimester vaginal bleeding and to correlate between patient age ,gravids and ultrasound findings. This study used the Universal Protocol in the work of ultrasound for first trimester pregnancy...
Spleen is enlarged in a variety of clinical conditions including infectious, infiltrative, immunologic and malignant states. Evaluation of splenic size is important in every physical examination of the abdomen by a physician.Determination of its size by palpation can be extremely inaccurate because spleen is never palpable till it is enlarged 2 to 3 times its own size. The accurate diagnosis of splenic enlargement is a matter of considerable importance as it is a useful guide for arrivin...