ABSTRACT Many reproductive health studies have examined trends and outcomes of adolescent sexual behaviour but have overlooked the patterns of reproductive communication between mothers and daughters that have implications on girls’ reproductive wellbeing. Although there is a need to safeguard adolescent health, not enough work exists at the interface between female reproductive change and communication. The patterns of communication determine the effectiveness of reproductive knowledge tr...
Summary We examined the relationship between ventricular size and visual function in 50 children (36 males and 14 females) with hydrocephalus. The third and lateral ventricular sizes and the visual function scores did not significantly differ between the sexes. Ventricular enlargement was most pronounced at the trigones and least at the level of the forarninae of Monro. The visual function score correlated inversely with the size of the latera! ventricle measured at the levels of the anteri...
ABSTRACT The use of antibiotics in livestock production is of food safety concern due to hazards of their residues and transfer of resistant bacteria along the food chain. There are few reported quantitative assessment of meat-borne antibiotic residues and resistant pathogens in southwestern Nigeria. Antibiotics usage in food animal production, antimicrobial residues screening, prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and levels of oxytetracycline residue in chicken and beef from Lagos, Ibadan...
SUMMARY The study evaluated the effect of dietary inclusion levels of walnut leaf (WL) and onion bulb (OB) residues on dermal wound healing of Clarias gariepinus. The experiment was carried out in 9 experimental tanks (1.8 m x 2 m x 1.2 m) for 14 days. Nine experimental diets were formulated at 40% crude protein representing the following inclusion levels: Control (0%), OB2 (0.5%), OB3 (1.0%), OB4 (1.5%), OB5 (2.0%), WL6 (0.5%), WL7 (1.0%), WL8 (1.5%) and WL9 (2.0%). Fish (mean weight of 1kg)...
ABSTRACT Purpose of the research: Research into Enterococci is increasingly important as Enterococci was classified as high priority bacteria regarding antimicrobial resistance. Improvements in medical care have also increased the chances of survival of infants with low birth weight. These infants have an increased chance of infection by antibiotic resistant Enterococcus species due to their low birth weight which is further increased by increased hospital stays. In developing countries neona...
ABSTRACT The clinicopathological features of childhood nephrotic syndrome in tropical Africa are different from those in temperate countries of Europe and America. However, detailed clinicopathological features of the disease have not been comprehensively described in all parts of Africa. Plasmodium malariae has been shown to be strongly associated with the disease in some parts of Africa, and the association has been postulated to be causal. Childhood nephrotic syndrome was studied in Kaduna...
ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to conduct a parasitological survey of Schistosoma haematobium infection among school children in Mkuranga District. The study has three specific objectives: First, to determine the prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis, second to determine the intensity of infection of urinary Schistomiasis and third to assess awareness, knowledge, attitude and practices related to the occurrences of urinary schistosomiasis among school children in Mkuranga District. The da...
ABSTRACT The presence of toxic heavy metals such as Cr, Pb, Ni, As and Hg in foods constitute serious threat to the health of consumers, particularly humans. Continual consumption of foods with high level of toxic metals can lead to bioconcentration and bioaccumulation with long-term health implications. This study was carried out in Tsumeb, Grootfontein and Otavi local municipal areas in the Oshikoto region of Namibia. The focus was to assess the level, distribution and chemical mobilit...
ABSTRACT Porcine cysticercosis and human neurocysticercosis/taeniosis are two forms of a zoonotic disease caused by Taenia solium tapeworm. There is a perceived inefficient diagnosis and reporting of both forms of this parasitic disease in Tanzania. The aim of this study was to identify the challengesassociated with diagnosis and reporting of both forms of the parasitic disease in medical and veterinary sectors. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Babati, Mbulu, Kongwa, Mbinga and Ny...
ABSTRACT A cross-sectional study design was used to assess bacteriological contamination in Rastrineobola argentea along its value chain in Lake Victoria, Mwanza. Rastrineobola argentea were collected from different points along the chain. Fresh, dried on raised racks and on ground samples of R. argentea were purposively collected from landing sites, drying areas and retail markets. Bacterial counts were performed and Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp were identified using bacteriological s...
ABSTRACT Fish forms an integral part of human diet in Tanzania being rich in protein and Omega 3 fatty acids (ω-3FAs) which are important for growth and proper functioning of human body. The amount of ω-3FAs and performance of tilapia (O. niloticus), the most cultured and consumed fish in Tanzania reported to be low due to inadequate of quality feeds. This study was conducted to compare the effect of three substrates on yield and composition of housefly maggots (HFM); assessed growth perfor...
ABSTRACT Nutritional status in children is an indicator of health and well-being at both the individual and the population level. Malnutrition rates and incidences are still high in Kiroka village. The aim of the study was to identify causes of recurrence of malnutrition among children below five years of age in Kiroka village in Rural Morogoro, Tanzania. Face-to-face interviews with the sampled mothers were conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire. Anthropometric data were collected u...
ABSTRACT A cross-sectional study design was conducted to assess the prevalence and characterization of Staphylococcus aureus in fresh Indian mackerel fish (IMF) in Unguja Island. A total of 400 fish samples of IMF were collected from three landing sites Malindi, Mangapwani and Mkokotoni. From each fish two samples were collected namely fish skin swab and fish tissue (muscle). The primary culture were obtained from Mannitol salt agar, Nutrient and Blood agar followed by Gram staining, Catalase...
ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to assess the effect of behaviour change intervention on child's nutritional status among Mwanzo Bora Nutrition Program (MBNP) beneficiaries in Mvomero district and Morogoro Municipality as a case study. A total of 280 mothers with their children between 25 and 59 months old were randomly sampled equally from two wards per district. Data for respective study population were collected by using a structured questionnaire. Measurements of heights and weights of...
ABSTRACT A cross-sectional study was conducted in Bagamoyo District, Tanzania between October, 2013 and March, 2014 to assess the antibiotic residues in raw cows’ milk produced by small-scale dairy farms. One hundred and ten small-scale dairy farmers were interviewed at household level on the handling and use of veterinary drugs, access to and availability of veterinary services, livestock diseases frequency and means of treatment, most commonly used antibiotic, awareness of drug residues i...